Electrical winding.



Witresses:

5. KEIDEL F. SPEBER. ELEcTmAL wlNDLNG. APPLlCATON FILED DEC. l2, 1914.

15992.32@ Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

Their @Gitter-meg herinneren Kernen, or runnin,

0F CHAELGTTENBURG,

GERMAN?, ASS'IGIORS 'EO GENERAL ECTRIC COMPANY, GORPORATION. 0F

Specification or" Letters Patent.

nnncrarcan "WNDrno.

Fatented Nov. 2, 15H5.

.application filed December 12, 1914. Serial No. 876576.

To all tri/'2,0m 'it muy concern Be it known that we, Ennnimnn Kemer., asubject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Eer-lin, Germany, andFERDINAND Sinnen, a subject of the Emperor of Austria- Hungary, residingCharlottenburg, Germany, have invented certain new and useulImprovements in Electrical lllindings, of which the following is aspecification.

Our invention relates to the so-called zigzag windings ot generators,motors, transformers, clicking coils, etc., which are employed fornumber of purposes and in a number of connections: for stabilizing apolyphase neutral point, with three-phase four-wire systems, innon-inductive windings, etc.

rlhe object of our invention is to arrange a winding of this generalcharacter adapted to have applied to it, or to supply, electromotiveforces of dilierent values, particularly electromotive forces ofdifferent values but of substantially similar phases, eithersimultaneously or at diiierent times,l without substantial impairment ofits qualities as a zigzag winding. The general scheme of arranging thewindings can be better explained after one particular arrangement isdescribed in detail.

ln the accompanying drawing and the follow description is illustratedand desc'l: ed in detail a three-phase transformer f embodying ourinvention.

llignre l diagrammatically illustrates the three-phase transforme.. Eig.Qis a vector diagram to aid in understanding tions as embodied inthree-ph:` e apparatus. The secondary windings and their terminals o"Eig. l, and the vect r diagram of Eig. 2 hear similar referencecharacters; Fig. 2 may be used\as illustrating the connections of thesecondaryy windings, the dispositions of the terminals and taps thereof,`and the phase relations of the various electromotive forces.

T he core of the three-phase transformer is of thecoinmoncthree-legged)'type; it carries the three windings l, 2 andwhich, it will be understood, may be either primary or secondarywindings, but Jfor the purpose of this description may heconsidered tobe primary windings. These three windings are here connected in Y. l

New, whether the windings 1,2 and Sfare our invenr 'reference to Fig. 2.

employed as primary windings, or whether they are employed as secon arywindings (or omitted altogether and the excitation of the core placedentirely under the control of the other windings later described), thelegs E, F and G of the core will he excited by magnetic fluxes hearing athreephase relation to each other so long as the apparatus is properlyconnected to a threephase system vas is presupposed. Each completeelectrical phase comprises groups of windings arranged mutuallyinductively in assemblages with windings of other electrical phasesso'that each electrical phase comprises a group of windings subjected toeach of a plurality of magnetic influences of different phases. rIhusthe electrical phase D2, A, comprises the group E4, E1 disposed with thegroup E3 and E2 of phase B2, A, on the leg E, and the group`G3, G2arranged. with the group GAx and G1 of phase C2, A, on the leg G. Thewindings of each electrical phase are connected in series in sets, eachset being electrically, in eilect, substantially like. every other setof the same electrical phase. Thus oii the electrical phase D2, A, thewindings E4 and G3 are connected in series to form the irst set andthewindings G2 and E1 are connected in series to forni the second set; thetwo sets are connected in series by the connection between the windingsG2 and G3. That these two sets are in effect substantially alilreelectrically may he readily realized 'from an inspection of Fig. 2.

The other electrical phases are similarly' made up. rl"hus theelectrical phase C2, is made up of the windings G4, E3, F2 and G1,located on the legs F and G, and the electrical phase B2, A, is made upof the windings F4, E3, E2 and F1 located on the legs E and F. Theconnections of the windings of each of these two electrical phases aresimilar, ut least in effect, to the connection of the windings of theelectrical phase D2, A. as will be understood from The windings on eachleg of the core constitute the respective assemblages heretoforementioned. As it will he understood from the drawing, one end of eachseries connection of sets o windings is provided with a yterminal E, C2or D2, for connection to external lines or apparatus; the oppositer'endsof the series the windings E4 connections of sets of windings areconnected together at A where another terminal may be provided forexternal connection. Between the two sets of windings of each electricalphase is located a tap B1, C1, D1, for external connection.

It will be understood from this connection and readily seen from aninspection of Fig. 2, that this arrangement ot' windings is in effect aY connection somewhat similar to, but an extension of, the zigzagconnection. It will be seen that and G3 are so arranged that they bearthe same relation to each other in effect through the interlinked fluxas the windings G2 and El bear to each other. Likewise, in each of theother electrical phasesthe members of the iirst set of windings bear thesame relation to each-other as do the members of the second set ofwindings. Also as a whole all the first sets of windings bear the samerelations to each other through the interlinked flux as do the secondsets to each other. As the result of this, the first sets of windings ofall electrical phases may be removed from or inserted into the workingcircuits without destroying or substantially changing the general schemeof magnetic interlinkages with titi relative numbers of turns thevarious working circuits. Thus it will be seen that the electromotiveforce between A and C1 is substantially in phase with the electromotlveforce between A and C2;

. whether these phases are exactly or substantially motiveforce'gbetween A and C1 is exactly or the same and whether theelectrosubstantiallyv one-half of the electromotive force between A and@2 depends upon the relative numbers of turns ink the various windings.The phases may bev made to be exactly alike and the electromotive forcesof definite fractions and multiples of ythe other by properlyproportioningthewindings as will be clear. Likewise, the phases of theelectromotive forces may he only substantially alike and their valuesmay bear only substantially those relations. by using other of thewindings. The arrangement of the secondary windings described above isgenerally a preferable one for three-phase systems. The general scheme,as will be understood with the aid of the above detailed explanation ofthe three-phase scheme, consists in dividing up the windings of eachelectrical phase, and so interlinking all the windings of the Variouselectrical phases by the magnetic ilux produced either by those windingsalone or aided by exciting windings, that sufiicient of the windings ofthe various phases may be removed from, or included in circuit, by meansof terminals andtaps, to` provide for the required voltages withoutdestroying or substantially changing the general scheme of magneticinterlinkages with the various heretofore common plurality of magneticcircuits working circuits. Broadly this is accomplished by providing forthe removal, or insertion, of not only substantially equal numbers ofturns (or appropriate numbers of turns) of each electrical phase, butthose turns are so arranged and chosen as to bear the same relation toeach other, in effect, through the interlinked flux, as those turnsunaffected by the change bear to each other. rlhis is done preferably byarranging for a carrying flux of dierent phases, subjecting a group ofwindings of each electrical phase to the effects of each of a pluralityof such magnetic circuits, connecting the windings in Y in sets, eachset of windings being complete in itself and in effect electrically likeevery other set of its electrical phase, and disposing the taps andterminals so as to cut only whole sets of the windings into or out ofthe circuits. The electrical similarityy of the various setsof windingsmay be secured by various connections of the members of the sets. Thenumber of members of each set of windings is immaterial and notnecessarily members of the various sets are not neces- `sarily equal.

It will. be understood that numerous changes may be made in thearrangements and connections of the windings without departing from thespirit of our invention.

l X Vilhat we claim as new and kdesire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is;- l. An arrangement of windings of a three-phasesystem comprising four windings for each electrical phase arranged inassemblages of four windings, each assemblage comprising two windings ofeach of two electrical` phases and the members of each assemblage beingarranged in mutually inductive relation, the four windings of eachelectrical phase being connected in series so that the two windingsadjacent one end of the series connection are members of dierentassemblages and one end of ,one such series connected group of fourwindings b ing connected to corresponding ends of a the other groups, aterminal at the opposite .end ot each series connected'group of four amid point izol blage comprising two windings of each of two electricalphases and the members of each assemblage being arranged in mutuallyinductive relation, the four windings of each electrical phase beingconnected in series and one end of one such series connected group offour windings being connected to corre-v sponding ends ot all the othergroups, a terruinal at the opposite end oi each series con-i 1730 nectedgroup of four windings and a tap connected to a mid point of each suchgroup of windings.

3. An arrangement of windings of a polyphase system comprising for eachelectrical phase a plurality of groups of windings, each group beingassembled in mutually inductive relation to a group of windingsjofano-ther phase, the windings for each electrical phase being connectedin series in sets, each set comprising one winding fromeach of thegroups of windings of that phase and the sets being connected inseries., one end of one of the series connect-ions of sets oit' windingsbeing connected to corresponding ends of all the other similar seriesconnections of sets, a terminal at the opposite end of each such seriesconnection of sets and a tap to each of such series connections at apoint therein adjacenta connection of vtwo sets oi' windings thereof.

4. An arrangement of windings for a polyphase system comprising for eachelectrical phase a plurality of windings assembled in mutually inductiverelation to windings of each of a plurality' ot other electrical phases,the windings for each electrical phase being connected in series., oneend of one of the series connections of windingsbeing connected to thecorresponding ends of all the other similar series connections, aterminal at the opposite end of each series connection and a tap to eachof such series connections at a mid point thereof. 5. An arrangement ofwindings of a poly phase system comprising for each electrical phase aplurality of groups of windings, each group being assembled in mutuallyinductive relation to a, group of windings of another electrical phase,the windings for each electrical phase being connected in series and theseries connections being connected in Y, a terminal at the free end ofeach series connection, and a tap at an inner point of each seriesconnection, the windings between the taps and terminals being assembledto bear substantially the same relations to each other through theinterlinked flux as dothe windings between the taps and the common pointof the Y.

In testimony whereof, We have hereunto set our hands this 19th day of0ctober, 1914.

EBERHARD KEIDEL. FERDNND SEBER.

1Witnesses VVoLnnMAR HAUPT, HENRY HASPFRA

